Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary brain malignancy in adults and one of the most aggressive of all cancers in humans. It is very repetitive and treatment-resistant, largely because the infiltrative nature and inter- and intratumoral heterogeneity. This heterogeneity requires different landscape genomics and cell types within and between the tumor and the tumor microenvironment (TME). In the GBM, is the driving resistance heterogeneity of treatment, recurrence, and prognosis is poor, represent a major obstacle to personalized medicine.
Over the past decade, the sequencing technology has facilitated a deeper understanding of GBM heterogeneity by “zooming in” more progressive on tumor genomics and transcriptomics. initial efforts to use mass ribonucleic acid (RNA) sequencing, which examined the combined gene expression of tumor specimens as a whole. While innovative at the time, this bulk RNAseq mask important contribution of sub-populations of different tumor’s gene expression as a whole.
This work evolved into mass use RNA sequencing on tumor subsections anatomically and spatially distinct, previously unappreciated complexity exhibited genome of GBM. The revolutionary next step forward has been the emergence of a single cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq), which examined the gene expression at the single cell level. scRNAseq has enabled us to understand in detail the heterogeneity GBM unprecedented.
We review studies of seminal in the development of our understanding of GBM heterogeneity, with a focus on scRNAseq and insight that have been provided in the understanding of GBM tumor mass, peritumoral space, and TME. We highlight the preclinical and clinical implications of this work and consider the potential impact of neuro-oncology, and to improve patient outcomes through personalized medicine.
“Zooming in” on Glioblastoma: Understanding Tumor Heterogeneity and its Clinical Implications in the Era of Single-Cell Ribonucleic Acid Sequencing
[Knockdown of Fez family of zinc finger protein 1 antisense ribonucleic acid 1 (FEZF1-AS1) inhibits invasion and migration of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells by blocking the JAK2 / STAT3 pathway]
Objective To investigate the relationship between the long chain of non-coding RNA Fez family of zinc protein finger 1 antisense ribonucleic acid 1 (FEZF1-AS1) and invasion, migration and Janus kinase 2 / signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK2 / STAT3) signaling pathway in carcinoma squamous c ell (ESCC) cells of the esophagus. Methods The expression ‘of FEZF1-AS1 in cancer tissues and cell lines ESCC ESCC was detected by real-time quantitative PCR.
After knocking out FEZF1-AS1 of KYSE150 and KYSE510 cells with expression vectors lentiviral built, changes in cell cycle were detected by flow cytometry, the ability of cell proliferation by colony test formations, the ability of cell invasion by TranswellTM invasion assay, the ability of cell migration by TranswellTM migration and early test, and the level of phosphorylated proteins JAK2 and STAT3 (p-STAT3) by Western blotting.
NATtrol Influenza Negative Control (6 X 0.5 mL)
NATCXVA9-6MC
Zeptometrix
6 X 0.5 mL
EUR 220
NATtrol Influenza/RSV Negative Control (6 x 0.5mL)
NATCXVA9-6C
Zeptometrix
6 x 0.5mL
EUR 220
NATtrol Influenza/RSV Positive Control (6 x 0.25mL)
NATFLURSV-6L
Zeptometrix
6 x 0.25mL
EUR 272
NATtrol Influenza/RSV Positive Control (6 x 0.5 mL)
NATFLURSV-6C
Zeptometrix
6 x 0.5 mL
EUR 221
NATtrol Influenza/RSV Negative Control (6 X 0.5 mL)
NATCXVA9-6C-IVD
Zeptometrix
6 X 0.5 mL
EUR 240
NATtrol Influenza/RSV Negative Control (6 X 0.5 mL)
MDZ045
Zeptometrix
6 X 0.5 mL
EUR 272.16
Description: Please contact Gentaur in order to receive the datasheet of the product.
NATtrol Influenza A H1N1, External Run Control, Low (6 X 1 mL)
NATFLUAH1N1-ERCL
Zeptometrix
6 X 1 mL
EUR 360
Purified Influenza A Neuraminidase (H1N1-NA) protein control for western blot
H1N1NA11-C
Alpha Diagnostics
100 ul
EUR 343.2
Influenza Rapid Test Control Pack (3 X 1.5mL)
KZMC033
Zeptometrix
3 X 1.5mL
EUR 59
NATtrol Influenza A H1N1, External Run Control, Medium (6 X 1 mL)
NATFLUAH1N1-ERCM
Zeptometrix
6 X 1 mL
EUR 438
NATtrol Influenza B, External Run Control, Low (6 X 1 mL)
NATFLUB-ERCL
Zeptometrix
6 X 1 mL
EUR 360
NATtrol Influenza B, External Run Control, Medium (6 X 1 mL)
NATFLUB-ERCM
Zeptometrix
6 X 1 mL
EUR 438
Influenza A virus (H5N1) matrix protein 2 Control/blocking peptide
M2E15-P
Alpha Diagnostics
100 ug
EUR 196.8
Influenza A virus (H1N1) matrix protein 2 Control/blocking peptide
M2E16-P
Alpha Diagnostics
100 ug
EUR 196.8
Influenza A virus (H9N2) matrix protein 2 Control/blocking peptide
M2E17-P
Alpha Diagnostics
100 ug
EUR 196.8
Recombinant Purified Hemagglutinin Influenza A Virus H1N1 H1 (H1N1) (A/New Caledonia/20/99) protein control for Western
H1N1-01-C
Alpha Diagnostics
100 ul
EUR 343.2
Recombinant Purified Hemagglutinin Influenza A Virus (H11N2; A/duck/Yangzhou/906/2002) protein control for Western
H11N2-01-C
Alpha Diagnostics
100 ul
EUR 343.2
Influenza A virus (H5N1) matrix protein 2 hybrid sequence Control/blocking peptide
M2E11-P
Alpha Diagnostics
100 ug
EUR 196.8
Recombinant Purified Hemagglutinin Influenza A Virus H5N1 H5 (H5N1) (A/chicken/India/NIV33487/2006) (17-531aa) protein control for Western
H5N11-C
Alpha Diagnostics
100 ul
EUR 343.2
Human anti-H. Influenzae B (Hib-PRP) IgG negative control serum
980-101-HNC
Alpha Diagnostics
1 ml
EUR 196.8
Human anti-H. Influenzae B (Hib-PRP) IgG positive control serum
980-101-HPC
Alpha Diagnostics
1 ml
EUR 270
Human anti-H. Influenzae B protein D (Hib-PDG) IgG negative control serum
980-200-01N
Alpha Diagnostics
1 ml
EUR 196.8
Human anti-H. Influenzae B protein D (Hib-PDG) IgG positive control serum
980-200-02P
Alpha Diagnostics
1 ml
EUR 270
Recombinant H. Influenzae protein D (Non-typeable, NT-PHiD) controls for western blot
PHID11-C
Alpha Diagnostics
100 ul
EUR 343.2
Core Panel Multi-Tumor control slides, set of 5
TS900
Innovex
Set of 5
EUR 145
Description: Core Panel Multi-Tumor control slides, set of 5
Core Panel Multi-Tumor control slides, set of 25
TS900-25
Innovex
Set of 25
EUR 425
Description: Core Panel Multi-Tumor control slides, set of 25
Breast Panel Multi-Tumor control slides, set of 5
TS901
Innovex
Set of 5
EUR 145
Description: Breast Panel Multi-Tumor control slides, set of 5
Breast Panel Multi-Tumor control slides, set of 25
TS901-25
Innovex
Set of 25
EUR 395
Description: Breast Panel Multi-Tumor control slides, set of 25
Goat IgG (-ve control for flow cytometry) (isotype control)
20011-100
Alpha Diagnostics
100 test
EUR 123.6
NATtrol Influenza Verification Panel (18 x 0.5mL)
NATFVP(XP)-C
Zeptometrix
18 x 0.5mL
EUR 722
BSA Control for Age-BSA
2221-BSA
Biovision
each
EUR 210
BSA Control for AGE-BSA
35R-AA007
Fitzgerald
10 mg
EUR 268.8
Description: BSA Control for AGE protein (BSA modified), Cat No. 30R-AA007
NATtrol Respiratory Panel 2 (RP2) Controls (Ea)
NATRPC2-BIO
Zeptometrix
Ea
EUR 550.46
Description: Please contact Gentaur in order to receive the datasheet of the product.
NATtrol Influenza Verification Panel (7 x 1.0 mL)
NATFVP-JAN
Zeptometrix
7 x 1.0 mL
EUR 569.18
Description: Please contact Gentaur in order to receive the datasheet of the product.
NATtrol Influenza/RSV Verification Panel (21 x 0.5mL)
NATFRVP-C
Zeptometrix
21 x 0.5mL
EUR 862
Control for ER, 4 cases (1.5mm)
ERC081
Pantomics
1
EUR 102
Description: IHC control array containing 4 breast cancer cases of strong, moderate, weak/nil estrogen receptor (ER) expressers in duplicates
Control for PR, 3 cases (1.5mm)
PRC061
Pantomics
1
EUR 102
Description: IHC control array containing 3 breast cancer cases of strong, moderate, low/negative progesterone receptor (PR) expressers in duplicates
NATtrol Respiratory Panel 2.1 (RP2.1) Controls (12 x 0.3mL)
NATRPC2.1-BIO
Zeptometrix
12 x 0.3mL
EUR 529
Deer IgG, semi-pure for ELISA (Control, non-immune, isotype control)
20024-2
Alpha Diagnostics
100 ug
EUR 270
Control for DOG1, 3 cases (1.5mm)
DOG1061
Pantomics
1
EUR 102
Description: IHC control array containing 3 GIST cases of strong, moderate, weak/nil DOG1 expressers in duplicates
Control for HER2, 4 cases (1.5mm)
HRC081
Pantomics
1
EUR 102
Description: IHC control array containing 4 breast cancer cases of strong, moderate, low and negative HER2 breast cancer expressers in duplicates
Control for Ckit, 6 samples (1.5mm)
CKIT061
Pantomics
1
EUR 102
Description: Gastrointestinal stroma tumors, 6 cores, 3 cases in duplicates showing strong, moderate and no expression of cKit molecule.
SLLK, Control Peptide for TSP1 Inhibitor
HY-P0301
MedChemExpress
1mg
EUR 159.6
Influenza Rapid Test Verification Panel (20 X 0.5 mL)
KZMC021
Zeptometrix
20 X 0.5 mL
EUR 286
Mouse IgG (-ve control for flow cytometry)
20008-1-100
Alpha Diagnostics
100 tests
EUR 123.6
PAS/Glycogen, For Digestion (Control Slides)
TCS0024-100
ScyTek Laboratories
100 Slides
EUR 847.2
PAS/Glycogen, For Digestion (Control Slides)
TCS0024-25
ScyTek Laboratories
25 Slides
EUR 278.4
Rabbit IgG (-ve control for flow cytometry)
20009-1-100
Alpha Diagnostics
100 tests
EUR 123.6
Thiostatin Rat protein, control for western
TSTN11-C
Alpha Diagnostics
100 ul
EUR 343.2
Purified, Human S100 protein control for WB
S1002-C
Alpha Diagnostics
100 ul
EUR 343.2
SLLK, Control Peptide for TSP1 Inhibitor(TFA)
HY-P0301A
MedChemExpress
5mg
EUR 456
Purified, Bovine S100 protein control for WB
S1001-C
Alpha Diagnostics
100 ul
EUR 343.2
Human Pancreatic Amylase protein control for Western blot
PAMY13-C
Alpha Diagnostics
100 ul
EUR 343.2
Positive Control for anti-GST a-forms: rat A1+A2 (Ya)
GSTCON1
Detroit R&D
100 uL
EUR 150
Positive Control for anti-GST a-forms: rat A3+A4 (Yc)
GSTCON11
Detroit R&D
100 uL
EUR 150
Positive Control for Anti-Rat MEH Antibody
MEHCON
Detroit R&D
100 uL
EUR 150
Apolipoprotein A-Il, Human Plasma protein control for WB
APOA21-C
Alpha Diagnostics
100 ul
EUR 343.2
Negative Control Antibody for Mouse Monoclonals
V8785-100UG
NSJ Bioreagents
100ug
EUR 349.3
Description: To serve as a true negative control for various procedures, this monoclonal IgG should be used under the identical conditions and at the same dilution as the rabbit monoclonal antibody being used for a positive reaction.
Negative Control Antibody for Mouse Monoclonals
V8785-20UG
NSJ Bioreagents
20ug
EUR 153.3
Description: To serve as a true negative control for various procedures, this monoclonal IgG should be used under the identical conditions and at the same dilution as the rabbit monoclonal antibody being used for a positive reaction.
Negative Control Antibody for Mouse Monoclonals
V8785SAF-100UG
NSJ Bioreagents
100ug
EUR 349.3
Description: To serve as a true negative control for various procedures, this monoclonal IgG should be used under the identical conditions and at the same dilution as the rabbit monoclonal antibody being used for a positive reaction.
Human Apolipoprotein B protein control for WB
APOB21-C
Alpha Diagnostics
100 ul
EUR 343.2
Positive Control for Anti-Rat CYP2C Antibody
P2CCON
Detroit R&D
100 uL
EUR 150
Positive Control for Anti-Rat CYP2D Antibody
P2DCON
Detroit R&D
100 uL
EUR 150
Purified Human Serum amyloid A (SAA) Protein control for WB
SAA11-C
Alpha Diagnostics
100 ul
EUR 343.2
Positive Control for Anti-Rat CYP2B1 Antibody
P2B1PTCON
Detroit R&D
100 uL
EUR 150
Positive Control for Anti-Rat CYP3A2 Antibody
P3A2PTCON
Detroit R&D
100 uL
EUR 150
Haptoglobin Human Plasma protein control for WB
HGLB18-C
Alpha Diagnostics
100 ul
EUR 343.2
Control/Blocking peptide for Mouse Vimentin (Vim)
VIM11-C
Alpha Diagnostics
100 ug
EUR 196.8
Human Native Retinol binding protein (RBP) control for Western
RBP41-C
Alpha Diagnostics
100 ul
EUR 343.2
Mouse IgG Isotype control (purified) validated for
NG903
Innovex
7 ml
EUR 195
Description: Mouse IgG Isotype control (purified) validated for IHC; Ready-To-Use
Mouse IgG Isotype control (purified) validated for
NG903C
Innovex
1 ml
EUR 275
Description: Mouse IgG Isotype control (purified) validated for IHC; Concentrate; Minimum 1:50 dilution
Mouse IgM Isotype control (purified) validated for
NG906
Innovex
7 ml
EUR 265
Description: Mouse IgM Isotype control (purified) validated for IHC; Ready-To-Use
Mouse IgM Isotype control (purified) validated for
NG906C
Innovex
1 ml
EUR 295
Description: Mouse IgM Isotype control (purified) validated for IHC; Concentrate
Positive Control for Anti-Human CYP3A Antibody
P3ACON
Detroit R&D
100 uL
EUR 150
Lectin binding native protein (positive control for SNA lectin)
LBP16-N-1
Alpha Diagnostics
1 ml
EUR 270
Control sections for FD NeuroApop™ Kit (frozen)
PCS102-2
FD Neurotechnologies
each
EUR 80.54
Description: Best quality products
Control/Blocking peptide for Ephrin-B2 antibody
NIVE2B-C
Alpha Diagnostics
100 ug
EUR 196.8
Positive Control for Anti-Human CYP1B1 Antibody
PH1B1CON
Detroit R&D
100 uL
EUR 150
Positive Control for Anti-Human CYP2E1 Antibody
P2E1PTCON
Detroit R&D
100 uL
EUR 150
Positive Control for Anti-Human CYP1A2 Antibody
P1A2CON
Detroit R&D
100 uL
EUR 150
Chicken Egg Ovalbumin protein control for Western
OVA11-C
Alpha Diagnostics
100 ul
EUR 343.2
Lectin binding native protein (negative control for all lectins)
LNP15-N-1
Alpha Diagnostics
1 ml
EUR 270
Rat Ceruloplasmin protein control for western blot
CP17-C
Alpha Diagnostics
100 ul
EUR 343.2
Positive control tissue section for each individua
Control-slides-
Innovex
Set of 5
EUR 119
Description: Positive control tissue section for each individual antibody; Based on availability; INQUIRE
Positive control tissue section for each individua
Control-Slides-for-each-antibody
Innovex
Set of 25
EUR 355
Description: Positive control tissue section for each individual antibody; Based on availability; INQUIRE
Positive Control for anti-GST p-forms: rat P
GSTCON3
Detroit R&D
100 uL
EUR 150
Rat neurofascin (Nfasc)-control Control/blocking peptide
AB-23249-CP
Alpha Diagnostics
100ug
EUR 196.8
Human Apolipoprotein C-I protein control for WB
APOC11-C
Alpha Diagnostics
100 ul
EUR 343.2
Control sections for FD NeuroApop™ Kit (paraffin)
PCS102-1
FD Neurotechnologies
each
EUR 80.44
Description: Best quality products
Purified Human Survivin protein for WB +ve control
SURV11-C
Alpha Diagnostics
100 ul
EUR 343.2
Human Apolipoprotein C-II protein control for WB
APOC22-C
Alpha Diagnostics
100 ul
EUR 343.2
Monkey (Rhesus) Serum Albumin protein control for WB
ALBMK21-C
Alpha Diagnostics
100 ul
EUR 343.2
Monkey (Rhesus) Serum Albumin protein control for WB
ALBMK22-C
Alpha Diagnostics
100 ul
EUR 343.2
Positive Control for Anti-Rat CHP2B1/2 Antibody
P2B12PTCON
Detroit R&D
100 uL
EUR 150
Mouse Ceruloplasmin protein control for western blot
CP16-C
Alpha Diagnostics
100 ul
EUR 343.2
Purified Flagellin (salmonella) protein control for WB
FLGN17-C
Alpha Diagnostics
100 ul
EUR 343.2
Human Hemopexin purified protein control for Western
HPEX11-C
Alpha Diagnostics
100 ul
EUR 343.2
Hemopexin Mouse, purified protein control for Western
HPEX16-C
Alpha Diagnostics
100 ul
EUR 343.2
Human Apolipoprotein C-III protein control for WB
APOC32-C
Alpha Diagnostics
100 ul
EUR 343.2
Purified human Catalase (CATL) protein control for WB
CATL11-C
Alpha Diagnostics
100 ul
EUR 343.2
Positive Control for Anti-Rat CYP1A1/1A2 Antibody
P1ACON
Detroit R&D
100 uL
EUR 150
Green Fluorescent Proteins (GFP, A. victoria) protein for WB control
GFP11-C
Alpha Diagnostics
100 ul
EUR 343.2
Lectin binding native protein (positive control for ConA, WGA lectins)
LBP15-N-1
Alpha Diagnostics
1 ml
EUR 270
Chicken Egg white proteins total control for Western
CEGW12-C
Alpha Diagnostics
100 ul
EUR 343.2
Rabbit Beta Actin (muscle) protein control for Western
ACTB15-C
Alpha Diagnostics
100 ul
EUR 388.8
PIPET CONTROLLER CONTROL BOARD
357484
CORNING
1/pk
EUR 104.4
Description: Falcon Liquid Handling Equipment; Falcon Pipet Controllers and Accessories
Positive Control for anti-GST m-forms: rat M1 (Yb)
GSTCON2
Detroit R&D
100 uL
EUR 150
Bovine Adenosine deaminase protein control for Western
ADA11-C
Alpha Diagnostics
100 ul
EUR 343.2
Purified Cholera Toxin A subunit protein control for Western Blot
CTOX16-C
Alpha Diagnostics
100 ul
EUR 343.2
Mouse Angiopoietin 3 (Ang-3) protein control for WB
ANG31-C
Alpha Diagnostics
100 ul
EUR 343.2
Human Angiopoietin 4 (Ang-4) protein control for WB
ANG41-C
Alpha Diagnostics
100 ul
EUR 343.2
Purified Rat C-Reactive Protein (CRP) control for WB
CRP16-C
Alpha Diagnostics
100 ul
EUR 343.2
Purified Dog C-Reactive Protein (CRP) control for WB
CRP18-C
Alpha Diagnostics
100 ul
EUR 343.2
Human plasma Apolipoprotein E protein control for WB
APOE13-C
Alpha Diagnostics
100 ul
EUR 343.2
Human Plasma Apolipoprotein J protein control for WB
APOJ13-C
Alpha Diagnostics
100 ul
EUR 343.2
Chicken Egg yellow proteins total control for Western
CEYP12-C
Alpha Diagnostics
100 ul
EUR 343.2
Purified bovine Lactoferrin protein control for Western
LTF13-C
Alpha Diagnostics
100 ul
EUR 343.2
Positive Control for anti-GST m-forms: rat M2 (Yb2)
GSTCON21
Detroit R&D
100 uL
EUR 150
Rat IgG-PE conjugate (isotype control) (Isotype control)
20005-PE
Alpha Diagnostics
25 tests
EUR 242.4
Chicken Serum Albumin protein control for Western blot
ALBC15-C
Alpha Diagnostics
100 ul
EUR 343.2
Human Salivary Amylase protein positive control for WB
SAMY16-C
Alpha Diagnostics
100 ul
EUR 343.2
Purified, recombinant Human TACE control protein for WB
TACE11-C
Alpha Diagnostics
100 ul
EUR 343.2
Recombinant (CHO) human DNAse I Protein control for WB
DNASE12-C
Alpha Diagnostics
100 ul
EUR 343.2
Rat IgG-HRP conjugate (isotype control) (Isotype control)
20005-HP
Alpha Diagnostics
100 ug
EUR 196.8
Mouse Serum albumin control (level 1 ~ 1ug/ml) for ELISA
6300-C1
Alpha Diagnostics
1 ml
EUR 169.2
Rat IgG-FITC conjugate (isotype control) (Isotype control)
20005-F
Alpha Diagnostics
100 ug
EUR 196.8
Quality Control
abx098966-1vial
Abbexa
1 vial
EUR 360
Purified Cholera Toxin protein control for Western Blot
CTOX11-C
Alpha Diagnostics
100 ul
EUR 343.2
Human Prothrombin (Factor II) protein control for Western
PRTN11-C
Alpha Diagnostics
100 ul
EUR 343.2
Results FEZF1-AS1 are highly expressed in cancer tissues ESCC and FEZF1-AS1 expression in cells KYSE510 KYSE150 and higher than that in normal esophageal squamous epithelial cells. Upon knockdown FEZF1-AS1 expression, cell cycle and proliferation of cancer cells ESCC did not change obviously, but cell invasion and migration was significantly inhibited, and the protein levels decreased JAK2 and p-STAT3 protein increases. Conclusion FEZF1-AS1 knockdown blocks JAK2 / STAT3 pathway and inhibits cell invasion and migration of ESCC.
No Comment